Central Data Catalog

Abstract
50% of the world's population uses biomass fuel (BMF) for cooking and heating purposes, an important risk factor for COPD.

Aim: To measure indoor particulate matter diameter <2.5μm (PM2.5) levels in homes that use different types of cooking fuels in a rural population, and to study its association with COPD.

Methodology: 287 homes using different types of cooking fuels (Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): 91, BMF: 101, LPG+BMF- MIX: 95) were randomly selected from 22 villages. All male and female individuals above the age of 25yrs residing in these homes were invited to participate. After obtaining written consent, indoor PM2.5 levels were measured using “AirMetircs” low volume sampler over 24hrs and expressed as μg/m3. All subjects performed pre and post bronchodilator spirometory. COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <70%, and small airways obstruction (SAO) as FEF25-75% <65% predicted.

Results: 429 subjects (mean age 45±15 years; M: 217 and F: 212) consented to participate and 266 performed acceptable spirometry. Prevalences of COPD and SAO were 4.9% and 24.4%, and 100% and 92% respectively, were never smokers. 24hr mean levels of PM2.5 were significantly higher in homes that used BMF verses LPG [median (IQR): BMF 256.3 μg/m3 (145-414) verses LPG 109.7 μg/m3 (85-172); p < 0.0001]. Use of BMF was strongly associated with SAO [OR: 2.39 p=0.02] and was also associated with COPD (OR: 3.28), although this did not reach statistical significance (CI: 0.8-14.23).

Conclusion: In Indian villages, homes that use BMF have significantly higher indoor PM2.5 levels and this is strongly associated with increased prevalence of COPD and small airways obstruction.